『意識の探求』の参考文献40-59
参考文献40
• Jolicoeur, P., Ullman, S., and MacKay, M. “Curve tracing: A possible
basic operation in the perception of spatial relations,” Mem. Cognition
14:129–140 (1986).
• Jones, E.G. The Thalamus. New York: Plenum Press (1985).
• Jones, E.G. “Thalamic organization and function after Cajal,” Progress
Brain Res. 136:333–357 (2002).
• Jordan, G. and Mollon, J.D. “A study of women heterozygous for
color deficiences,” Vision Res. 33:1495–1508 (1993).
• Jovicich, J., Peters, R.J., Koch, C., Braun, J., Chang, L., and Ernst,
T. “Brain areas specific for attentional load in a motion tracking task,”
J. Cogn. Neurosci. 13:1048–1058 (2001).
• Judson, H.J. The Eighth Day of Creation. London: Penguin Books
(1979).
• Julesz, B. Foundations of Cyclopean Perception. Chicago, IL: University
of Chicago Press (1971).
• Julesz, B. “Textons, the elements of texture perception, and their
interactions,” Nature 290:91–97 (1981).
• Kahana, M.K., Sekuler, R., Caplan, J.B., Kirschen, M., and Madsen,
J.R. “Human theta oscillations exhibit task dependence during virtual
maze navigation,” Nature 399:781–784 (1999).
• Kamitani, Y. and Shimojo, S. “Manifestation of scotomas created by
transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex,” Nature
Neurosci. 2:767–771 (1999).
• Kandel, E.R. “A new intellectual framework for psychiatry,” Am. J.
Psychiatry 155:457–469 (1998).
• Kandel, E.R. “The molecular biology of memory storage: A dialogue
between genes and synapses,” Science 294:1030–1038 (2001).
• Kanizsa, G. Organization in Vision: Essays in Gestalt Perception.
New York: Praeger (1979).
• Kanwisher, N. and Driver, J. “Objects, attributes, and visual attention:
Which, what and where,” Curr. Direct. Psychol. Sci. 1:26–31
(1997).
参考文献41
• Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M.M. “The fusiform face
area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception,”
J. Neurosci. 17:4302–4311 (1997).
• Kaplan, E. “The receptive field structure of retinal ganglion cells in cat
and monkey.” In: The Neural Basis of Visual Function. Leventhal,
A.G., ed., pp. 10–40. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1991).
• Kaplan-Solms, K. and SolmsM. Clinical Studies in Neuro-Psychoanalysis.
London: Karnac Books (2000).
• Karnath, H.-O. “New insights into the functions of the superior temporal
cortex,” Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2:568–576 (2001).
• Karnath, H.-O., Ferber, S., and Himmelbach, M. “Spatial awareness
is a function of the temporal, not the posterior parietal lobe,” Nature
411:950–954 (2001).
• Kastner, S., DeWeerd, P., Desimone, R., and Ungerleider, L.G. “Mechanisms
of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed
by functional MRI,” Science 282:108–111 (1998).
• Kastner, S. and Ungerleider, L.G. “Mechanisms of visual attention in
the human cortex,” Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 23:315–341 (2000).
• Kavey, N.B., Whyte, J., Resor, S.R. Jr., and Gidro-Frank, S. “Somnambulism
in adults,” Neurol. 40:749–752 (1990).
• Keil, A., M¨uller, M.M., Ray, W.J., Gruber, T., and Elbert, T. “Human
gamma band activity and perception of a gestalt,” J. Neurosci.
19:7152–7161 (1999).
• Keller, E.F. The Century of the Gene. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press (2000).
• Kennedy, H. and Bullier, J. “A double-labelling investigation of the afferent
connectivity to cortical areas V1 and V2,” J. Neurosci. 5:2815–
2830 (1985).
• Kentridge, R.W., Heywood, C.A., and Weiskrantz, L. “Residual vision
in multiple retinal locations within a scotoma: Implications for
blindsight,” J. Cogn. Neurosci. 9:191–202 (1997).
• Kentridge, R.W., Heywood, C.A., andWeiskrantz, L. “Attention without
awareness in blindsight,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 266:1805–
1811 (1999).
参考文献42
• Kessel, R.G. and Kardon, R.H. Tissues and Organs: A Text-Atlas of
Scanning Electron Microscopy. San Francisco, CA: Freeman (1979).
• Keverne, E.B. “The vomeronasal organ,” Science 286:716–720 (1999).
• Keysers, C. and Perrett, D.I. “Visual masking and RSVP reveal neural
competition,” Trends Cogn. Sci. 6:120–125 (2002).
• Keysers, C., Xiao, D.-K., F¨oldi´ak, P., and Perrett, D.I. “The speed of
sight,” J. Cogn. Neurosci. 13:1–12 (2001).
• Kinney, H.C., Korein, J., Panigrahy, A., Dikkes, P., and Goode, R.
“Neuropathological findings in the brain of Karen Ann Quinlan,” New
England J. Med. 330:1469–1475 (1994).
• Kinomura, S., Larsson, J., Guly´as, B., and Roland, P.E. “Activation
by attention of the human reticular formation and thalamic intralaminar
nuclei,” Science 271:512–515 (1996).
• Kirk, R. “Zombies versusmaterialists,” Aristotelian Society 48 (suppl.):
135–152 (1974).
• Kitcher, P. Freud’s Dream: A Complete Interdisciplinary Science of
Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1992).
• Kleinschmidt, A., Buchel, C., Zeki, S., and Frackowiak, R.S.J. “Human
brain activity during spontaneously reversing perception of ambiguous
figures,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265:2427–2433 (1998).
• Klemm, W.R., Li, T.H., and Hernandez, J.L. “Coherent EEG indicators
of cognitive binding during ambigious figure tasks,” Consc. &
Cognition 9:66–85 (2000).
• Klimesch, W. “EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive
and memory performance: A review and analysis,” Brain Res. Rev.
29:169–195 (1999).
• Knuttinen, M.-G., Power, J.M., Preston, A.R., and Disterhoft, J.F.
“Awareness in classical differential eyeblink conditioning in young and
aging humans,” Behav. Neurosci. 115:747–757 (2001).
• Kobatake, E.,Wang, G., and Tanaka, K. “Effects of shape-discrimination
training on the selectivity of inferotemporal cells in adult monkeys,”
J. Neurophysiol. 80:324–330 (1998).
参考文献43
• Koch, C. “The action of the corticofugal pathway on sensory thalamic
nuclei: A hypothesis,” Neurosci. 23:399–406 (1987).
• Koch, C. “Visual awareness and the thalamic intralaminar nuclei,”
Consc. & Cognition 4:163–165 (1995).
• Koch, C. Biophysics of Computation. New York: Oxford University
Press (1999).
• Koch, C. and Crick, F.C. “Some further ideas regarding the neuronal
basis of awareness.” In: Large-Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain.
Koch, C. and Davis, J., eds., pp. 93–110, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
(1994).
• Koch, C. and Laurent, G. “Complexity and the nervous system,” Science
284:96–98 (1999).
• Koch, C. and Tootell, R.B. “Stimulating brain but not mind,” Nature
383:301–303 (1996).
• Koch, C. and Ullman, S. “Shifts in selective visual attention: Towards
the underlying neural circuitry,” Human NeuroBiol. 4:219–227
(1985).
• Koffka, K. Principles of Gestalt Psychology. New York: Hartcourt
(1935).
• Kohler, C.G., Ances, B.M., Coleman, A.R., Ragland, J.D., Lazarev,
M., and Gur, R.C. “Marchiafava-Bignami disease: Literature review
and case report,” Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol.
13:67–76 (2000).
• K¨ohler, W. The Task of Gestalt Psychology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press (1969).
• Kolb, F.C. and Braun, J. “Blindsight in normal observers,” Nature
377:336–338 (1995).
• Komatsu, H., Kinoshita, M., and Murakami, I. “Neural responses in
the retinotopic representation of the blind spot in the macaque V1 to
stimuli for perceptual filling-in,” J. Neurosci. 20:9310–9319 (2000).
• Komatsu, H. and Murakami, I. “Behavioral evidence of filling-in at
the blind spot of the monkey,” Vis. Neurosci. 11:1103–1113 (1994).
参考文献44
• Konorski, J. Integrative Activity of the Brain. Chicago, IL: University
of Chicago Press (1967).
• Kosslyn, S.M. “Visual Consciousness.” In: Finding Consciousness
in the Brain. Grossenbacher P.G., ed., pp. 79–103. Amsterdam,
Netherlands: John Benjamins (2001).
• Kosslyn, S.M., Ganis, G., and Thompson, W.L. “Neural foundations
of imagery,” Nature Rev. Neurosci. 2:635–642 (2001).
• Kosslyn, S.M., Thompson, W.L., and Alpert, N.M. “Neural systems
shared by visual imagery and visual perception: A PET study,” Neuroimage
6:320–334 (1997).
• Koulakov, A.A. and Chklovskii, D.B. “Orientation preference patterns
in mammalian visual cortex: A wire length minimization approach,”
Neuron 29:519–527 (2001).
• Krakauer, J. Eiger Dreams. New York: Lyons & Burford (1990).
• Kreiman, G. On the neuronal activity in the human brain during visual
recognition, imagery and binocular rivalry. Ph.D. Thesis. Pasadena:
California Institute of Technology (2001).
• Kreiman G., Fried, I., and Koch, C. “Single-neuron correlates of subjective
vision in the human medial temporal lobe,” Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 99:8378–8383 (2002).
• Kreiman, G., Koch, C., and Fried, I. “Category-specific visual responses
of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe,” Nature
Neurosci. 3:946–953 (2000a).
• Kreiman, G., Koch, C., and Fried, I. “Imagery neurons in the human
brain,” Nature 408:357–361 (2000b).
• Kreiter, A.K. and Singer, W. “Oscillatory neuronal responses in the visual
cortex of the awake macaque monkey,” Eur. J. Neurosci. 4:369–
375 (1992).
• Kreiter, A.K. and Singer, W. “Stimulus-dependent synchronization of
neuronal responses in the visual cortex of the awake macaque monkey,”
J. Neurosci. 16:2381–2396 (1996).
• Krekelberg, B. and Lappe, M. “Neuronal latencies and the position of
moving objects,” Trends Neurosci. 24:335–339 (2001).
参考文献45
• Kretschmann, H.-J. andWeinrich,W. Cranial Neuroimaging and Clinical
Neuroanatomy. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme (1992).
• Kristofferson, A.B. “Successiveness discrimination as a two-state, quantal
process,” Science 158:1337–1339 (1967).
• Kuffler, S.W. “Neurons in the retina: Organization, inhibition and excitatory
problems,” Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 17:281–
292 (1952).
• Kulli, J. and Koch, C. “Does anesthesia cause loss of consciousness?”
Trends Neurosci. 14:6–10 (1991).
• Kunimoto, C., Miller, J., and Pashler, H. “Confidence and accuracy of
near-threshold discrimination responses,” Cons. & Cogn. 10:294–340
(2001).
• Kustov, A.A. and Robinson, D.L. “Shared neural control of attentional
shifts and eye movements,” Nature 384:74–77 (1996).
• LaBerge, D. and Buchsbaum, M.S. “Positron emission tomographic
measurements of pulvinar activity during an attention task. J. Neurosci.
10:613–619 (1990).
• Laming, P.R., Sykov´a, E., Reichenbach, A., Hatton, G.I., and Bauer,
H., Glia Cells: Their Role in Behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press (1998).
• Lamme, V.A.F. “Why visual attention and awareness are different,”
Trends Cogn. Sci. 7:12–18 (2003).
• Lamme, V.A.F. and Roelfsema, P.R. “The distinct modes of vision
offered by feed-forward and recurrent processing,” Trends Neurosci.
23:571–579 (2000).
• Lamme, V.A.F. and Spekreijse, H. “Contextual modulation in primary
visual cortex and scene perception.” In: The New Cognitive
Neurosciences. 2nd ed., Gazzaniga, M.S., ed., pp. 279–290. Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press (2000).
• Lamme, V.A.F., Zipser, K., and Spekreijse, H. “Figure-ground activity
in primary visual cortex is suppressed by anesthesia,” Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 95:3263–3268 (1998).
• Langston, J.W. and Palfreman, J. The Case of the Frozen Addicts.
New York: Vintage Books (1995).
参考文献46
• Lashley, K.S. “Cerebral organization and behavior.” In: The Brain
and Human Behavior. Proc. Ass. Nervous & Mental Disease, pp.
1–18. New York: Hafner (1956).
• Laurent, G. “A systems perspective on early olfactory coding,” Science
286:723–728 (1999).
• Laurent, G., Stopfer, M., Friedrich, R.W., Rabinovich, M.I., Volkovskii,
A., and Abarbanel, H.D. “Odor encoding as an active, dynamical process:
Experiments, computation, and theory,” Ann. Rev. Neurosci.
24:263–297 (2001).
• Laureys, S., Faymonville, M.E., Degueldre, C., Fiore, G.D., Damas,
P, Lambermont, B., Janssens, N., Aerts, J., Franck, G., Luxen, A.,
Moonen, G., Lamy, M., and Maquet, P. “Auditory processing in the
vegetative state,” Brain 123:1589–1601 (2000).
• Laureys, S., Faymonville, M.E., Peigneux, P., Damas, P., Lambermont,
B., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Aerts, J., Luxen, A., Franck,
G., Lamy, M., Moonen, G., and Maquet, P. “Cortical processing
of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the persistent vegetative state,”
Neuroimage 17:732–741 (2002).
• Le Bihan, D., Mangin, J.F., Poupon, C., Clark, C.A., Pappata, S.,
Molko, N., and Chabriat, H. “Diffusion tensor imaging: Concepts and
applications,” J. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 13:534–546 (2001).
• Lechner, H.A.E., Lein, E.S., and Callaway, E.M. “A genetic method
for selective and quickly reversible silencing of mammalian neurons,”
J. Neurosci. 22:5287–5290 (2002).
• LeDoux, J. The Emotional Brain. New York: Simon and Schuster
(1996).
• Lee, D.K., Itti, L., Koch, C., and Braun, J. “Attention activates
winner-take-all competition amongst visual filters,” Nature Neurosci.
2:375–381 (1999).
• Lee, D.N. and Lishman, J.R. “Visual proprioceptive control of stance,”
J. Human Movement Studies 1:87–95 (1975).
• Lee, S.-H. and Blake, R. “Rival ideas about binocular rivalry,” Vision
Res. 39:1447–1454 (1999).
参考文献47
• Lehky, S.R. and Maunsell, J.H.R. “No binocular rivalry in the LGN
of alert macaque monkeys,” Vision Res. 36:1225–1234 (1996).
• Lehky, S.R. and Sejnowski, T. J. “Network model of shape-fromshading:
Neural function arises from both receptive and projective
fields”, Nature 333:452–454 (1988).
• Lennie, P. “Color vision.” In: Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed.,
Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Jessel, T.M. eds., pp. 583–599.
New York: McGraw Hill (2000).
• Lennie, P. “The cost of cortical computation,” Current Biol. 13:493–
497 (2003).
• Leopold, D.A. and Logothetis, N.K. “Activity changes in early visual
cortex reflects monkeys’ percepts during binocular rivalry,” Nature
379:549–553 (1996).
• Leopold, D.A. and Logothetis, N.K. “Multistable phenomena: Changing
views in perception,” Trends Cogn. Sci. 3:254–264 (1999).
• Leopold, D.A., Wilke, M., Maier, A., and Logothetis, N.K. “Stable
perception of visually ambiguous patterns,” Nature Neurosci. 5:605–
609 (2002).
• LeVay, S., Connolly, M., Houde, J., and Van Essen, D.C. “The complete
pattern of ocular dominance stripes in the striate cortex and
visual field of the macaque monkey,” J. Neurosci. 5:486–501 (1985).
• LeVay, S. and Gilbert, C.D. “Laminar patterns of geniculocortical
projection in the cat,” Brain Res. 113:1–19 (1976).
• LeVay, S. and Nelson, S.B. “Columnar organization of the visual cortex.”
In: The Neural Basis of Visual Function. Leventhal, A.G., ed.,
pp. 266–314. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1991).
• Levelt, W. On Binocular Rivalry. Soesterberg, Netherlands: Institute
for Perception RVO-TNO (1965).
• Levick, W.R. and Zacks, J.L. “Responses of cat retinal ganglion cells
to brief flashes of light,” J. Physiol. 206:677–700 (1970).
• Levine, J. “Materialism and qualia: The explanatory gap.” Pacific
Philos. Quart. 64:354–361 (1983).
参考文献48
• Levitt, J.B., Kiper, D.C., and Movshon, J.A. “Receptive fields and
functional architecture of macaque V2,” J. Neurophysiol. 71:2517–
2542 (1994).
• Lewis, J.W. and Van Essen, D.C. “Mapping of architectonic subdivisions
in the macaque monkey, with emphasis on parieto-occipital
cortex,” J. Comp. Neurol. 428:79–111 (2000).
• Li, F.F., VanRullen, R., Koch, C., and Perona, P. “Rapid natural
scene categorization in the near absence of attention,” Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 99:9596–9601 (2002).
• Li, W.H., Parigi, G., Fragai, M., Luchinat, C., and Meade, T.J.
“Mechanistic studies of a calcium-dependent MRI contrast agent,”
Inorg. Chem. 41:4018–4024 (2002).
• Liang, J., Williams, D.R., and Miller, D.T. “Supernormal vision and
high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics,” J. Opt. Soc.
Am. A 14:2884–2892 (1997).
• Libet, B. “Brain stimulation and the threshold of conscious experience.”
In: Brain and Conscious Experience. Eccles, J.C., ed., pp.
165–181. Berlin: Springer (1966).
• Libet, B. “Electrical stimulation of cortex in human subjects and conscious
sensory aspects.” In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol II:
Somatosensory Systems. Iggo, A. ed., pp. 743–790. Berlin: Springer
(1973).
• Libet, B. Neurophysiology of Consciousness: Selected Papers and New
Essays by Benjamin Libet. Boston: Birkh¨auser (1993).
• Lichtenstein, M. “Phenomenal simultaneity with irregular timing of
components of the visual stimulus,” Percept. Mot. Skills 12:47–60
(1961).
• Lisman, J.E. “Bursts as a unit of neural information: Making unreliable
synapses reliable,” Trends Neurosci. 20:38–43 (1997).
• Lisman, J.E. and Idiart, M. A. “Storage of 7±2 short-term memories
in oscillatory subcycles,” Science 267:1512–1515 (1995).
• Livingstone, M.S. “Mechanisms of direction selectivity in macaque
V1,” Neuron 20:509–526 (1998).
参考文献49
• Livingstone, M.S. and Hubel, D.H. “Effects of sleep and rousal on
the processing of visual information in the cat,” Science 291:554–561
(1981).
• Livingstone, M.S. and Hubel, D.H. “Anatomy and physiology of a
color system in the primate visual system,” J. Neurosci. 4:309–356
(1984).
• Livingstone, M.S. and Hubel, D.H. “Connections between layer 4B of
area 17 and thick cytochrome oxidase stripes of area 18 in the squirrel
monkey,” J. Neurosci. 7:3371–3377 (1987).
• Llin´as, R.R. and Par´e, D. “Of dreaming and wakefulness,” Neurosci.
44:521–535 (1991).
• Llin´as, R.R., Ribary, U., Contreras, D., and Pedroarena, C. “The
neuronal basis for consciousness,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B.
Biol. Sci. 353:1841–1849 (1998).
• Loftus, G.R., Duncan, J., and Gehrig, P. “On the time course of
perceptual information that results from a brief visual presentation,”
J. Exp. Psychol. Human Percept. & Perform. 18:530–549 (1992).
• Logothetis, N.K. “Single units and conscious vision,” Phil. Trans. R.
Soc. Lond. B 353:1801–1818 (1998).
• Logothetis, N.K. “The neural basis of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent
functional magnetic resonance imaging signal,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
Lond. B 357:1003–1037 (2002).
• Logothetis, N.K. “MR imaging in the non-human primate: Studies
of function and dynamic connectivity,” Curr. Opinion Neurobiol. in
press (2004).
• Logothetis, N.K., Guggenberger, H., Peled, S., and Pauls, J. “Functional
imaging of the monkey brain,” Nature Neurosci. 2:555–562
(1999).
• Logothetis, N.K., Leopold, D.A., and Sheinberg, D.L. “What is rivalling
during binocular rivalry,” Nature 380:621–624 (1996).
• Logothetis, N.K. and Pauls, J. “Psychophysical and physiological evidence
for viewer-centered object representations in the primate,” Cerebral
Cortex 5:270–288 (1995).
参考文献50
• Logothetis, N.K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., and Oeltermann,
A. “Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal,”
Nature 412:150–157 (2001).
• Logothetis, N.K., Pauls, J., B¨ulthoff, H.H., and Poggio, T. “Viewdependent
object recognition by monkeys,” Curr. Biol. 4:401–414
(1994).
• Logothetis, N.K. and Schall, J.D. “Neuronal correlates of subjective
visual perception,” Science 245:761–763 (1989).
• Logothetis, N.K. and Sheinberg, D.L. “Visual object recognition,”
Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 19:577–621 (1996).
• Louie, K. and Wilson, M.A. “Temporally structured replay of awake
hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep,”
Neuron 29:145–156 (2001).
• Lovibond, P.F. and Shanks, D.R. “The role of awareness in Pavlovian
conditioning: Empirical evidence and theoretical implications,”
J. Exp. Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 28:3–26 (2002).
• Lucas, J.R. “Minds, machines and G¨odel,” Philosophy 36:112–127
(1961).
• Luce, R.D. Response Times. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
(1986).
• Luck, S.J., Chelazzi, L., Hillyard, S.A., and Desimone, R. “Neural
mechanisms of spatial attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque
visual cortex,” J. Neurophysiol. 77:24–42 (1997).
• Luck, S.J., Hillyard, S.A., Mangun, G.R., and Gazzaniga, M.S. “Independent
hemispheric attentional systems mediate visual search in
split-brain patients,” Nature 342:543–545 (1989).
• Luck, S.J., Hillyard, S.A., Mangun, G.R., and Gazzaniga, M.S. “Independent
attentional scanning in the separated hemispheres of splitbrain
patients,” J. Cogn. Neurosci. 6:84–91 (1994).
• Lumer, E.D., Friston, K.J., and Rees, G. “Neural correlates of perceptual
rivalry in the human brain,” Science 280:1930–1934 (1998).
• Lumer, E.D. and Rees, G. “Covariation of activity in visual and prefrontal
cortex associated with subjective visual perception,” Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:1669–1673 (1999).
参考文献51
• Lux, S., Kurthen, M., Helmstaedter C., Hartje, W., Reuber, M., and
Elger, C.E. “The localizing value of ictal consciousness and its constituent
functions,” Brain 125:2691–2698 (2002).
• Lyon, D.C. and Kaas, J.H. “Evidence for a modified V3 with dorsal
and ventral halves in macaque monkeys,” Neuron 33:453–461 (2002).
• Lytton, W.W. and Sejnowski, T.J. “Simulations of cortical pyramidal
neurons synchronized by inhibitory interneurons,” J. Neurophysiol.
66:1059–1079 (1991).
• Mack, A. and Rock, I. Inattentional Blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press (1998).
• Mackintosh, N.J. Conditioning and Associative Learning. Oxford,
UK: Clarendon Press (1983).
• Macknik, S.L. and Livingstone, M.S. “Neuronal correlates of visibility
and invisibility in the primate visual system,” Nat Neurosci. 1:144–
149 (1998).
• Macknik, S.L. and Martinez-Conde, S. “Dichoptic visual masking in
the geniculocortical system of awake primates,” J. Cogn. Neurosci.
in press (2004).
• Macknik, S.L., Martinez-Conde, S., and Haglund, M.M. “The role of
spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking,” Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA. 97:7556–7560 (2000).
• MacLeod, K., Backer, A., and Laurent, G. “Who reads temporal information
contained across synchronized and oscillatory spike trains?”
Nature 395:693–698 (1998).
• MacNeil, M.A. andMasland, R.H. “Extreme diversity among amacrine
cells: Implication for function,” Neuron 20:971–982 (1998).
• Macphail, E.M. The Evolution of Consciousness. Oxford, UK: Oxford
University Press (1998).
• Madler, C. and P¨oppel, E. “Auditory evoked potentials indicate the
loss of neuronal oscillations during general anaesthesia,” Naturwissenschaften
74:42–43 (1987).
• Magoun, H.W. “An ascending reticular activating system in the brain
stem,” Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 67:145–154 (1952).
参考文献52
• Makeig, S., Westerfield, M., Jung, T.P., Enghoff, S., Townsend, J.,
Courchesne, E., and Sejnowski, T.J. “Dynamic brain sources of visual
evoked responses,” Science 295:690–694 (2002).
• Mandler, G. Consciousness Recovered: Psychological Functions and
Origins of Conscious Thought. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins
(2002).
• Manford, M. and Andermann, F. “Complex visual hallucinations:
Clinical and neurobiological insights,” Brain 121:1819–1840 (1998).
• Mark, V. “Conflicting communicative behavior in a split-brain patient:
Support for dual consciousness.” In: Toward a Science of Consciousness:
The First Tucson Discussions and Debates. Hameroff,
S.R., Kaszniak, A.W., and Scott, A.C., eds., pp. 189–196. Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press (1996).
• Marr, D. Vision. San Francisco, CA: Freeman (1982).(邦訳)乾敏郎,
安藤広志訳,ビジョン: 視覚の計算理論と脳内表現,産業図書(1987).
• Mars´alek, P., Koch, C., and Maunsell, J.H.R. “On the Relationship
between Synaptic Input and Spike Output Jitter in Individual Neurons,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:735–740 (1997).
• Martinez, J.L. and Kesner, R.P., eds. Neurobiology of Learning and
Memory. New York: Academic Press (1998).
• Masand P., Popli, A.P., andWeilburg, J.B. “Sleepwalking,” Am. Fam.
Physician 51:649–654 (1995).
• Masland, R.H. “Neuronal diversity in the retina,” Curr. Opinion
Neurobiol. 11:431–436 (2001).
• Mather, G., Verstraten, F., and Anstis, S. The Motion Aftereffect: A
Modern Perspective. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1998).
• Mathiesen, C., Caesar, K., ¨Oren, N.A., and Lauritzen, M. “Modification
of activity-dependent increases of cerebral blood flow by excitatory
synaptic activity and spikes in rat cerebellar cortex,” J. Physiology
512:555–566 (1998).
• Mattingley, J.B., Husain, M., Rorden, C., Kennard, C., and Driver,
J. “Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral
neglect patients,” Nature 392:179–182 (1998).
参考文献53
• Maunsell, J.H.R. and Van Essen, D.C. “Functional properties of neurons
in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. II. Binocular
interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity,” J. Neurophysiol.
49:1148–1167 (1983).
• McAdams, C.J. andMaunsell, J.H.R. “Effects of attention on orientationtuning
functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4,” J.
Neurosci. 19:431–441 (1999).
• McAdams, C.J. and Maunsell, J.H.R. “Attention to both space and
feature modulates neuronal responses in macaque area V4,” J. Neurophysiol.
83:1751–1755 (2000).
• McBain, C.J. and Fisahn, A. “Interneurons unbound,” Nature Rev.
Neurosci. 2:11–23 (2001).
• McClintock, M.K. “Whither menstrual synchrony?” Ann. Rev. Sex
Res. 9:77–95 (1998).
• McComas, A.J. and Cupido, C.M. “The RULER model. Is this how
somatosensory cortex works?” Clinical Neurophysiol. 110:1987–1994
(1999).
• McConkie, G.W. and Currie, C.B. “Visual stability across saccades
while viewing complex pictures,” J. Exp. Psych.: Human Perception
& Performance 22:563–581 (1996).
• McCullough, J.N., Zhang, N., Reich, D.L., Juvonen, T.S., Klein, J.J.,
Spielvogel, D., Ergin, M.A., and Griepp, R.B. “Cerebral metabolic
suppression during hypothermic circulatory arrest in humans,” Ann.
Thorac. Surg. 67:1895–1899 (1999).
• McGinn, C. The Problem of Consciousness. Oxford, UK: Blackwell
(1991).
• McMullin, E. “Biology and the theology of the human.” In: Controlling
Our Destinies. Sloan, P.R., ed., pp. 367–400. Notre Dame, IN:
University of Notre Dame Press (2000).
• Meador, K.J., Ray, P.G., Day, L.J., and Loring, D.W. “Train duration
effects on perception: Sensory deficit, neglect and cerebral lateralization,”
J. Clinical Neurophysiol. 17:406–413 (2000).
• Meadows, J.C. “Disturbed perception of colours associated with localized
cerebral lesions,” Brain 97:615–632 (1974).
参考文献54
• Medina, J.F., Repa, J.C., Mauk, M.D., and LeDoux, J.E. “Parallels
between cerebellum- and amygdala-dependent conditioning,” Nature
Rev. Neurosci. 3:122–131 (2002).
• Meenan, J.P. and Miller, L.A. “Perceptual flexibility after frontal or
temporal lobectomy,” Neuropsychologia 32:1145–1149 (1994).
• Meister, M. “Multineuronal codes in retinal signaling,” Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 93:609–614 (1996).
• Merigan, W.H. and Maunsell, J.H.R. “How parallel are the primate
visual pathways?” Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 16:369–402 (1993).
• Merigan, W.H., Nealey, T.A., and Maunsell, J.H.R. “Visual effects of
lesions of cortical area V2 in macaques,” J. Neurosci. 13:3180–3191
(1993).
• Merikle, P.M. “Perception without awareness. Critical issues,” Am.
Psychol. 47:792–795 (1992).
• Merikle, P.M. and Daneman, M. “Psychological investigations of unconscious
perception,” J. Consc. Studies 5:5–18 (1998).
• Merikle, P.M., Smilek, D., and Eastwood, J.D. “Perception without
awareness: Perspectives from cognitive psychology,” Cognition
79:115–134 (2001).
• Merleau-Ponty, M. The Phenomenology of Perception. C. Smith,
transl., London: Routledge & Kegan Paul (1962).
• Metzinger, T., ed. Conscious Experience. Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic
(1995).
• Metzinger, T., ed. Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and
Conceptual Questions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2000).
• Michael, C.R. “Color vision mechanisms in monkey striate cortex:
Dual-opponent cells with concentric receptive fields,” J. Neurophysiol.
41:572–588 (1978).
• Michael, C.R. “Columnar organization of color cells in monkey’s striate
cortex,” J. Neurophysiol. 46:587–604 (1981).
• Miller, E.K. “The prefrontal cortex: Complex neural properties for
complex behavior,” Neuron 22:15–17 (1999).
参考文献55
• Miller, E.K. and Cohen, J.D. “An integrative theory of prefrontal
cortex function,” Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 24:167–202 (2001).
• Miller, E.K., Gochin, P.M., and Gross, C.G. “Suppression of visual
responses of neurons in inferior temporal cortex of the awake macaque
by addition of a second stimulus,” Brain Res. 616:25–29 (1993).
• Miller, E.K., Erickson, C.A., and Desimone, R. “Neural mechanisms
of visual working memory in prefrontal cortex of the macaque,” J.
Neurosci. 16:5154–5167 (1996).
• Miller, G.A. “The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some
limits on our capacity for processing information,” Psychol. Rev.
63:81–97 (1956).
• Miller, K.D., Chapman, B., and Stryker, M.P. “Visual responses in
adult cat visual cortex depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5183–5187 (1989).
• Miller, S.M., Liu, G.B., Ngo, T.T., Hooper, G., Riek, S., Carson, R.G.,
and Pettigrew, J.D. “Interhemispheric switching mediates perceptual
rivalry,” Curr. Biol. 10:383–392 (2000).
• Millican, P. and Clark, A., eds. Machines and Thought: The Legacy
of Alan Turing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press (1999).
• Milner, A.D. and Dyde, R. “Why do some perceptual illusions affect
visually guided action, when others don’t?” Trends Cogn. Sci. 7:10–
11 (2003).
• Milner, A.D. and Goodale, M.A. The Visual Brain in Action. Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press (1995).
• Milner, A.D., Perrett, D.I., Johnston, R.S., Benson, P.J., Jordan,
T.R., Heeley, D.W., Bettucci, D., Mortara, F., Mutani, R., Terazzi,
E., and Davidson, D.L.W. “Perception and action in form agnosia,”
Brain 114:405–428 (1991).
• Milner, B. “Disorders of learning and memory after temporal lobe
lesions in man,” Clin. Neurosurg. 19:421–446 (1972).
• Milner, B., Squire, L.R., and Kandel, E.R. “Cognitive neuroscience
and the study of memory,” Neuron 20:445–468 (1998).
• Milner, P. “A model for visual shape recognition,” Psychol. Rev.
81:521–535 (1974).
参考文献56
• Minamimoto, T. and Kimura, M. “Participation of the thalamic CMPf
complex in attentional orienting,” J. Neurophysiol. 87:3090–3101
(2002).
• Minsky, M. The Society of Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster
(1985).(邦訳)安西祐一郎訳,心の社会、産業図書(1990).
• Mitchell, J.P., Macrae, C.N., and Gilchrist, I.D. “Working memory
and the suppression of reflexive saccades,” J. Cogn. Neurosci. 14:95–
103 (2002).
• Miyashita, Y., Okuno, H., Tokuyama, W., Ihara, T., and Nakajima,
K. “Feedback signal from medial temporal lobe mediates visual associative
mnemonic codes of inferotemporal neurons,” Brain Res. Cogn.
Brain Res. 5:81–86 (1996).
• Moldofsky, H., Gilbert, R., Lue, F.A., and MacLean, A.W. “Sleeprelated
violence,” Sleep 18:731–739 (1995).
• Montaser-Kouhsari, L., Moradi, F., Zand-Vakili, A., and Esteky, H.
“Orientation selective adaptation during motion-induced blindness,”
Perception, in press (2004).
• Moore, G.E. Philosophical Studies. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
(1922).
• Moran, J. and Desimone, R. “Selective attention gates visual processing
in extrastriate cortex,” Science 229:782–784 (1985).
• Morris, J.S., Ohman, A., and Dolan, R.J. “A subcortical pathway to
the right amygdala mediating ‘unseen’ fear,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 96:1680–1685 (1999).
• Moruzzi, G. and Magoun, H.W. “Brain stem reticular formation and
activation of the EEG,” EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 1:455–473 (1949).
• Motter, B.C. “Focal attention produces spatially selective processing
in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing
stimuli,” J. Neurophysiol. 70:909–919 (1993).
• Mountcastle, V.B. “Modality and topographic properties of single
neurons of cat’s somatic sensory cortex,” J. Neurophysiol. 20:408–
434 (1957).
• Mountcastle, V.B. Perceptual Neuroscience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press (1998).
参考文献57
• Mountcastle, V.B., Andersen, R.A., and Motter, B.C. “The influence
of attentive fixation upon the excitability of light-sensitive neurons of
the posterior parietal cortex,” J. Neurosci. 1:1218–1235 (1981).
• Moutoussis, K. and Zeki, S. “Functional segregation and temporal
hierarchy of the visual perceptive systems,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
264:1407–1415 (1997a).
• Moutoussis, K. and Zeki, S. “A direct demonstration of perceptual
asynchrony in vision,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264:393–399 (1997b).
• Mumford, D. “On the computational architecture of the neocortex. I.
The role of the thalamo-cortical loop,” Biol. Cybernetics 65:135–145
(1991).
• Mumford, D. “Neuronal architectures for pattern-theoretic problems.”
In: Large Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain. Koch, C., and Davis,
J.L., eds, pp. 125–152. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (1994).
• Murakami, I., Komatsu, H., and Kinoshita, M. “Perceptual filling-in
at the scotoma following a monocular retinal lesion in the monkey,”
Visual Neurosci. 14:89–101 (1997).
• Murayama, Y., Leopold, D.A., and Logothetis, N.K. “Neural activity
during binocular rivalry in the anesthetized monkey,” Soc. Neurosci.
Abstr. 448.11 (2000).
• Murphy, N. “Human nature: Historical, scientific, and religious issues.”
In: Whatever Happened to the Soul? Scientific and Theological
Portraits of Human Nature. Brown, W.S., Murphy, N., and Malony
H.N., eds., pp. 1–30. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press (1998).
• Myerson, J., Miezin, F., and Allman, J.M. “Binocular rivalry in macaque
monkeys and humans: A comparative study in perception,” Behav.
Anal. Lett. 1:149–159 (1981).
• Naccache, L., Blandin, E., and Dehaene, S. “Unconscious masked
priming depends on temporal attention,” Psychol. Sci. 13:416–424
(2002).
• Nadel, L. and Eichenbaum, H. “Introduction to the special issue on
place cells,” Hippocampus 9:341–345 (1999).
• Nagarajan, S., Mahncke, H., Salz, T., Tallal, P., Roberts, T., and
Merzenich, M.M. “Cortical auditory signal processing in poor readers,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:6483–6488 (1999).
参考文献58
• Nagel, T. “What is it like to be a bat?” Philosophical Rev. 83:435–450
(1974).
• Nagel, T. “Panpsychism.” In: Mortal Questions. Nagel, T., ed., pp.
181–195. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (1988).
• Nakamura, R.K. and Mishkin, M. “Blindness in monkeys following
non-visual cortical lesions,” Brain Res. 188:572–577 (1980).
• Nakamura, R.K. and Mishkin, M. “Chronic ‘blindness’ following lesions
of nonvisual cortex in the monkey,” Exp. Brain Res. 63:173–184
(1986).
• Nakayama, K. and Mackeben, M. “Sustained and transient components
of focal visual attention,” Vision Res. 29:1631–1647 (1989).
• Nathans, J. “The evolution and physiology of human color vision:
Insights from molecular genetic studies of visual pigments,” Neuron
24:299–312 (1999).
• Naya, Y., Yoshida, M., and Miyashita, Y. “Backward spreading of
memory-retrieval signal in the primate temporal cortex,” Science 291:
661–664 (2001).
• Newman, J.B. “Putting the puzzle together: Toward a general theory
of the neural correlates of consciousness,” J. Consc. Studies 4:47–66
(1997).
• Newsome, W.T., Britten, K.H. and Movshon, J.A. “Neuronal correlates
of a perceptual decision,” Nature 341:52–54 (1989).
• Newsome, W.T., Maunsell, J.H.R., and Van Essen, D.C. “Ventral
posterior visual area of the macaque: Visual topography and areal
boundaries,” J. Comp. Neurol. 252:139–153 (1986).
• Newsome, W.T. and Pare, E.B. “A selective impairment of motion
perception following lesions of the Middle Temporal visual area (MT),”
J. Neurosci. 8:2201–2211 (1988).
• Niebur, E. and Erd˝os, P. “Theory of the locomotion of nematodes:
Control of the somatic motor neurons by interneurons,” Math. Biosci.
118:51–82 (1993).
• Niebur, E., Hsiao, S.S., and Johnson, K.O. “Synchrony: A neuronal
mechanism for attentional selection?” Curr. Opinion Neurobiol. 12:
190–194 (2002).
参考文献59
• Niebur, E. and Koch, C. “A model for the neuronal implementation
of selective visual attention based on temporal correlation among neurons,”
J. Computational Neurosci. 1: 141–158 (1994).
• Niebur, E., Koch, C., and Rosin, C. “An oscillation-based model
for the neuronal basis of attention,” Vision Research 33:2789–2802
(1993).
• Nijhawan, R. “Motion extrapolation in catching,” Nature 370:256–
257 (1994).
• Nijhawan, R. “Visual decomposition of colour through motion extrapolation,”
Nature 386:66–69 (1997).
• Nimchinsky, E.A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J.M., Perl, D.P., Erwin J.M.,
and Hof, P.R. “A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and
great apes,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5268–5273 (1999).
• Nirenberg, S., Carcieri, S.M., Jacobs, A.L., and Latham, P.E. “Retinal
ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders,” Nature 411:698–
701 (2001).
• Nishida, S. and Johnston, A. “Marker correspondence, not processing
latency, determines temporal binding of visual attributes,” Curr. Biol.
12:359–368 (2002).
• No¨e, A. Action in Perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2004).
• Noesselt, T., Hillyard, S.A., Woldorff, M.G., Schoenfeld, A., Hagner,
T., Jancke, L., Tempelmann, C., Hinrichs, H., and Heinze, H.J.
“Delayed striate cortical activation during spatial attention,” Neuron
35:575–587 (2002).
• Nordby, K. “Vision in a complete achromat: A personal account.”
In: Night Vision: Basic, Clinical and Applied Aspects. Hess, R.F.,
Sharpe, L.T., and Nordby, K., eds., pp. 290–315. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press (1990).
• Norman, R.A., Maynard, E.M., Guillory, K.S., and Warren, D.J.
“Cortical implants for the blind,” IEEE Spectrum 33:54–59 (1996).
• Norretranders, T. The User Illusion. New York: Penguin (1998).
• Nowak, L.G. and Bullier, J. “The timing of information transfer in
the visual system.” In: Extrastriate Cortex in Primates, Vol. 12.